Si el capitalismo es una sindemia, va a seguir produciendo virus y pandemias. Ese es el futuro y no es halagüeño. La política y la ciencia deberían estar luchando para liberar a la humanidad y a sí mismas del capitalismo. Eso sí sería bueno para todos
El pasado mes de septiembre, Richard Horton publicaba en la conocida revista The Lancet un artículo cuyo título puede resultar provocativo o sospechoso: No es una pandemia. Obviamente, no se trata de que uno de los medios científicos más prestigiosos del mundo hubiese colado entre sus páginas la opinión de un negacionista. Horton no negaba la existencia de la covid-19 ni alimentaba delirios conspirativos. Basándose en un concepto forjado en 1990 por el epidemiólogo Merrill Singer, Horton sostenía que no nos enfrentamos hoy a una pandemia sino a algo más complejo y, por lo tanto, más peligroso: una “sindemia”; es decir, un cuadro epidémico en el que la enfermedad infecciosa se entrelaza con otras enfermedades, crónicas o recurrentes, asociadas a su vez a la distribución desigual de la riqueza, la jerarquía social, el mayor o menor acceso a vivienda o salud, etc., factores todos ellos atravesados por una inevitable marca de raza, de clase y de género. La sindemia es una pandemia en la que los factores biológicos, económicos y sociales se entreveran de tal modo que hacen imposible una solución parcial o especializada y menos mágica y definitiva.El problema no es, pues, el coronavirus. El problema es un capitalismo “sindémico” en el que ya no es fácil distinguir entre naturaleza y cultura ni, por lo tanto, entre muerte natural y muerte artificial. El capitalismo es la “sindemia”
But what we have learned so far tells us that the story of COVID-19 is not so simple. Two categories of disease are interacting within specific populations—infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These conditions are clustering within social groups according to patterns of inequality deeply embedded in our societies. The aggregation of these diseases on a background of social and economic disparity exacerbates the adverse effects of each separate disease. COVID-19 is not a pandemic. It is a syndemic. The syndemic nature of the threat we face means that a more nuanced approach is needed if we are to protect the health of our communities.Syndemics are characterised by biological and social interactions between conditions and states, interactions that increase a person's susceptibility to harm or worsen their health outcomes. In the case of COVID-19, attacking NCDs will be a prerequisite for successful containment.The most important consequence of seeing COVID-19 as a syndemic is to underline its social origins. The vulnerability of older citizens; Black, Asian, and minority ethnic communities; and key workers who are commonly poorly paid with fewer welfare protections points to a truth so far barely acknowledged—namely, that no matter how effective a treatment or protective a vaccine, the pursuit of a purely biomedical solution to COVID-19 will fail. Unless governments devise policies and programmes to reverse profound disparities, our societies will never be truly COVID-19 secure.Our societies need hope. The economic crisis that is advancing towards us will not be solved by a drug or a vaccine. Nothing less than national revival is needed. Approaching COVID-19 as a syndemic will invite a larger vision, one encompassing education, employment, housing, food, and environment. Viewing COVID-19 only as a pandemic excludes such a broader but necessary prospectus.-- Syndemic (Wikipedia) Non-communicable disease (Wikipedia) Richard Horton (editor) (Wikipedia)
But what we have learned so far tells us that the story of COVID-19 is not so simple. Two categories of disease are interacting within specific populations—infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These conditions are clustering within social groups according to patterns of inequality deeply embedded in our societies. The aggregation of these diseases on a background of social and economic disparity exacerbates the adverse effects of each separate disease. COVID-19 is not a pandemic. It is a syndemic. The syndemic nature of the threat we face means that a more nuanced approach is needed if we are to protect the health of our communities.
Syndemics are characterised by biological and social interactions between conditions and states, interactions that increase a person's susceptibility to harm or worsen their health outcomes. In the case of COVID-19, attacking NCDs will be a prerequisite for successful containment.
The most important consequence of seeing COVID-19 as a syndemic is to underline its social origins. The vulnerability of older citizens; Black, Asian, and minority ethnic communities; and key workers who are commonly poorly paid with fewer welfare protections points to a truth so far barely acknowledged—namely, that no matter how effective a treatment or protective a vaccine, the pursuit of a purely biomedical solution to COVID-19 will fail. Unless governments devise policies and programmes to reverse profound disparities, our societies will never be truly COVID-19 secure.
Our societies need hope. The economic crisis that is advancing towards us will not be solved by a drug or a vaccine. Nothing less than national revival is needed. Approaching COVID-19 as a syndemic will invite a larger vision, one encompassing education, employment, housing, food, and environment. Viewing COVID-19 only as a pandemic excludes such a broader but necessary prospectus.
